UNIONCAMERE: Una recessione forte e profonda

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Appare ora decisamente più evidente la gravità dello shock subito per effetto della pandemia. L’Emilia-Romagna affronta una recessione molto più grave di quella del 2009 e con effetti più duraturi. L’epidemia ha colpito con maggiore forza il Nord, ma l’Emilia-Romagna dovrebbe essere nelle posizioni di vertice nella ripresa attesa per il 2021. Nel 2020 crollano gli investimenti, cadono le esportazioni. L’export mostrerà la ripresa più rapida nel 2021. Saranno l’industria e le costruzioni ad accusare il colpo più duro, poi la ripresa sarà più forte per la prima e più contenuta per le seconde con i servizi. Nel 2020 si ridurranno le forze di lavoro e gli occupati, e pure nel 2021, quando il tasso di disoccupazione salirà ai massimi dal 2014

Nell’edizione di luglio degli Scenari per le economie locali di Prometeia, analizzati dall’ufficio studi di Unioncamere Emilia-Romagna, l’attesa per il 2020 è di una caduta del prodotto interno lordo a due cifre, (-10,6 per cento), decisamente superiore a quella del 2009. La ripresa sarà solo parziale nel 2021 (+6,8 per cento). La discesa del prodotto interno lordo italiano dovrebbe risultare del 10,1 per cento nel 2020, seguita da una ripresa del 5,9 per cento nel 2021. Nel 2020, la recessione, come il coronavirus, colpirà più duramente le regioni del nord Italia e l’andamento del Pil regionale si allontanerà da quello della Germania, nonostante la comune dipendenza dal commercio internazionale e i legami del sistema produttivo. Ma la ripresa attesa nel 2021 dovrebbe riportare l’Emilia-Romagna nelle posizioni di vertice, al secondo posto dietro il Veneto. Nel 2020 il prodotto mondiale dovrebbe ridursi del 5,2 per cento. In particolare, la flessione dovrebbe risultare risulterà del 5,7 per cento negli Stati Uniti, dell’8,1 per cento nell’area dell’euro e del 6,3 in Germania, mentre la crescita dovrebbe ridursi allo 0,6 per cento in Cina. Nel 2020 la recessione in regione sarà accentuata dal crollo degli investimenti (-19,6 per cento) e dalla caduta delle esportazioni (-16,3 per cento) e non contenuta da una maggiore resistenza dei consumi (-10,1 per cento).

I settori. Nel 2020, sono l’industria (15,1 per cento) e le costruzioni (14,1 per cento) ad accusare il colpo più duro, ma anche nei servizi la recessione sarà pesante (-8,7 per cento). Nel 2021 la ripresa sarà solo parziale in tutti i settori, ma più pronta nell’industria (+13,4 per cento).

Il mercato del lavoro. Nel 2020 gli effetti della pandemia condurranno a una sensibile riduzione delle forze lavoro (-2,4 per cento) e dell’occupazione (-2,7 per cento), per la fuoriuscita dal mercato di molti lavoratori non tutelati, con un contenuto aumento della disoccupazione. Nel 2021 l’occupazione si ridurrà ancora e aumenterà decisamente il tasso di disoccupazione (7,8 per cento), ai massimi dal 2014.

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